Artificial Intelligence-Based Arabic Language Learning: A Systematic Study of the Development and Challenges of Pedagogical Innovation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58524/oler.v6i1.976Keywords:
Arabic language learning, Artificial intelligence, digital literature, Islamic pedagogyAbstract
The significant growth rate of artificial intelligence (AI) in virtual learning has significantly changed learner-technology interactions, leading to pedagogical, cognitive, and ethical implications in terms of Arabic language learning. The study aims to explore the research trends and implementation difficulties associated with integrating AI in Arabic language learning through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The study used a systematic search on Scopus and Google Scholar databases using publications within 2023 to 2025, with 200 publications identified. Through a PRISMA-based literature review, 15 peer-reviewed articles were identified as eligible for synthesis. The review was conducted through a thematic coding framework using Constructivist Theory, Knowledge Creation Theory, and DIKW hierarchy as a theoretical foundation. The study found that AI plays a significant role in improving reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills through adaptive feedback, conversational agents, text generation tools, and speech recognition tools. The patterns identified through this review indicate that there are challenges associated with integrating AI in Arabic language learning, such as limited Arabic linguistic resources, inaccuracies in AI-generated text, morphological, and syntactical errors, readiness, and dependency on AI tools by learners. The review established that AI has significant transformative potential in Arabic language learning with appropriate pedagogy, educator readiness, and appropriate use of technology.
References
Aboalnaser, S. A. (2019). Machine learning algorithms in Arabic text classification: A review. In 2019 12th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) (pp. 286–291). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/DeSE.2019.00061
Adawiyah, R. (2025). Implementing AI in Arabic language learning: Challenges and insights from Islamic higher education. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(3), 3729–3739. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v17i3.7390
Ahmed, A. A. (2025). The impact of artificial intelligence on teaching Arabic grammar: An analytical study. In A. Abdelgawad, A. Jamil, & A. A. Hameed (Eds.), Intelligent systems, blockchain, and communication technologies (Vol. 1268, pp. 185–194). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-82377-0_17
Al Rajab, M., Odeh, S., Hazboun, S., & Alheeh, E. (2023). AI-powered smart book: Enhancing Arabic education in Palestine with augmented reality. In P. Novais et al. (Eds.), Ambient intelligence – Software and applications: 14th International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (Vol. 770, pp. 167–178). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43461-7_17
Alkaabi, M. H., & Almaamari, A. S. (2025). Generative AI implementation and assessment in Arabic language teaching. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJOPCD.368037
Allaithy, A., & Zaki, M. (2025). Evaluation of AI-generated reading comprehension materials for Arabic language teaching. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2025.2474037
Al-Shaboul, I. A., Ali, A. A., Kariem, A. A., Zarovna, I., & Khasawneh, M. A. S. (2025). Bridging the gap: The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing Arabic language learning, translation, and speech recognition. Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 6(2), 1–13.
Arifah, F., Hannase, M., Zulharby, P., & Fahmi, A. K. (2024). Is Arabic a sacred language or a foreign language? A survey of Muslim students’ belief in non-Islamic higher education in Indonesia. In N. Haristiani et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2023) (Vol. 832, pp. 153–161). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-376-4_21
Asfar, H., Husna, I., Yasmadi, Y., Khairi, A., Suryani, K., Ikhlas, A., & Madona, A. S. (2024). Innovative Arabic language learning: Redefining language archetypes using artificial intelligence. Al-Ta’rib: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIN Palangka Raya, 12(2), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.23971/altarib.v12i2.8323
Bahari, A., Han, F., & Strzelecki, A. (2025). Integrating CALL and AIALL for an interactive pedagogical model of language learning. Education and Information Technologies, 30(10), 14305–14333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13388-w
Borham, S. R., Ramli, S., & Ghani, M. T. A. (2024). AI concepts integration in developing E-muhadathat kits for non-Arabic speakers. Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i3.26568
Djuaeni, M. N., & Usman, A. (2021). Al-lughah al-‘arabīyah fī al-ma‘āhid al-islāmīyah bi Indūnīsīyā: Mushkilātuhā wa ṭuruq ḥallihā. Studia Islamika, 28(2), 413–455. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v28i2.21936
Duwairi, R., & Abushaqra, F. (2021). Syntactic- and morphology-based text augmentation framework for Arabic sentiment analysis. PeerJ Computer Science, 7, e469. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.469
Goodwin, J. R. (2024). What’s the difference? A comparison of student-centered teaching methods. Education Sciences, 14(7), 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070736
Hanandeh, A., Ayasrah, S., Kofahi, I., & Qudah, S. (2024). Artificial intelligence in Arabic linguistic landscape: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions. TEM Journal, 13(4), 3137–3145. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM134-48
Holmes, W., Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holstein, K., Sutherland, E., Baker, T., Shum, S. B., Santos, O. C., Rodrigo, M. T., Cukurova, M., Bittencourt, I. I., & Koedinger, K. R. (2022). Ethics of AI in education: Towards a community-wide framework. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32(3), 504–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00239-1
Imaduddin, M. F., & Bahruddin, U. (2025). The innovation of artificial intelligence in enhancing Arabic language learning: A comparative analytical study of Busuu, Alifbee, and Arabits applications. Jurnal Al-Maqayis, 12(1), 55–74.
Kamal, H. (2025). Teaching Arabic today: Challenges, strategies, and opportunities in Islamic higher education. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 24(10), 644–659. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.10.31
Kurniasih, N., Kurniawan, R., & Umam, M. B. (2025). Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in diacritic restoration and Arabic text translation: An implementation of ChatGPT and Copilot in digital language learning. ATHLA: Journal of Arabic Teaching, Linguistic and Literature, 6(1), 32–48. https://doi.org/10.22515/athla.v6i1.11112
Li, Y., Zhou, X., Yin, H., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2025). Design language learning with artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots based on activity theory from a systematic review. Smart Learning Environments, 12(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00379-0
Maiyanti, A. A., Huda, S., Anggraini, A., Laili, U. F., Muniroh, L., & Umam, R. (2025). Transformation of physics learning: Integrating virtual laboratories to improve students’ scientific literacy skills. Online Learning In Educational Research (OLER), 5(1), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.58524/oler.v5i1.661
Mulyanto, D., Wahyudi, M., Ridho, A. M. A., & Zaki, M. (2024). Utilization of artificial intelligence with text-to-speech technology based on natural language processing to enhance Arabic listening skills for non-native speakers. Journal of Arabic Learning, 10(1).
Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195092691.001.0001
Ouali, S., & Garouani, S. E. (2024). Arabic chatbots challenges and solutions: A systematic literature review. Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.52866/ijcsm.2024.05.03.007
Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2008). Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide. John Wiley & Sons.
Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1969). Psychology of the child. Basic Books.
Pikhart, M., & Klimova, B. (2025). A qualitative study on ethical issues related to the use of AI-driven technologies in foreign language learning. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 27945. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13741-6
Pradana, K. C., Noer, S. H., & Sutiarso, S. (2025). Enhancing critical thinking in mathematics through Android-based multimedia and PjBL-STEM. Online Learning In Educational Research (OLER), 5(1), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.58524/oler.v5i1.534
Qiao, H., & Zhao, A. (2023). Artificial intelligence-based language learning: Illuminating the impact on speaking skills and self-regulation in Chinese EFL context. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1255594. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1255594
Rowley, J. (2007). The wisdom hierarchy: Representations of the DIKW hierarchy. Journal of Information Science, 33(2), 163–180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551506070706
Sa’Idah, M. A., Diantoro, K., Mahmudah, U., Dolan, E., Santoso, N. A., & Junaedi, S. R. P. (2024). Enhancing Arabic language teaching through artificial intelligence: Assessing effectiveness and educational implications. In 2024 3rd International Conference on Creative Communication and Innovative Technology (ICCIT) (pp. 1–8). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIT62134.2024.10701089
Shalihah, S., Fradana, H., & Aljabr, B. N. (2025). Traditional method vs AI chatbot-assisted in Arabic learning. LISANIA: Journal of Arabic Education and Literature, 9(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.18326/lisania.v9i1.1-14
Sismat, A., Abdullah, R., Abdul Kahar, K., Abdullah, R., & Jarudin, A. (2025). Exploring the impact of ChatGPT on non-native learners of Arabic language: Challenges and opportunities. In V. P. H. Pham, A. Lian, A. Lian, & J. White (Eds.), Empowering educators: Integrating AI tools for personalized language instruction (Vol. 1228, pp. 281–305). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01348-4_12
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Taufiqurrochman, R. (2025). Linking environmental education and Arabic language teaching: Curriculum analysis of madrasa and pesantren in Indonesia. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae, 23(2), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.21697/seb.5845
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: Development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4
Zubaidi, A., Munip, A., Widodo, S. A., & Zerrouki, T. (2025). Enhancing Arabic writing skills using ChatGPT-based AI learning models: A tridimensional human–AI collaboration framework. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(1), 87–101. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v15i1.75378
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yazid Hady, Siti Nurul Azkiyah, Muhbib Muhbib, Maswani Maswani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Online Learning in Educational Research is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Online Learning in Educational Research agree to the following terms:
Copyright Retention: Authors retain the copyright of their work without any restrictions.
Publishing Rights: Authors retain the right to publish and distribute their work without any restrictions.
License Agreement: By publishing with Online Learning in Educational Research, authors agree that their work will be licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA). This license allows others to share and adapt the work, provided that appropriate credit is given, any changes are indicated, and the new creations are licensed under the same terms.
