Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
type: channel
description: Journal of Coaching and Sports Science is a medium of communication for researchers, academics, and practitioners from around the world covering issues such as coaching athletes from various sports and the development of sports science. Journal of Coaching and Sports Science publishes comprehensive research articles and reviews by leading experts in the field. Selected articles that have high scientific achievements, provide important new knowledge, and are of high benefit for the public, coaches, and athletes to get to know the sport. Journal of Coaching and Sports Science was first published in 2022 and is regularly published twice per year. Journal of Coaching and Sports Science accepts submissions throughout the year. Submissions are reviewed upon receipt. Published Manuscripts are written in standard English.
publisher: CV. FOUNDAE
language: en
publication name: Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
issn: 2963-1459
items: Usability Testing of Web-Based Anti-Doping Monitoring (Haloatlet 1.0) for Physical Impairment Athletes
items: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Emotional Management Instrument in Indonesian Futsal Players
items: Sports infrastructure as a training environment: Participation patterns and adherence challenges in rural municipalities
items: Digital Technology and Local Policy: An Evidence-Based Collaborative Model for Sports Talent Identification
items: Integration of Eye-Tracking Technology in Virtual Reality Applications for Basketball Training: A Mixed Methods Needs Assessment
items: Game-Based Training Model: Does It Improve Fundamental Badminton Young Athletes' Skills?
items: Time pressure and player disadvantage: Effects on jump performance in simulated matches of well-trained amateur handball players
items: Differences in perceived readiness to train between two menstrual cycle phases in female athletes
items: Performance Indicators in Football: Examining the impact of Passing and Crossing Efficiency on Team Rankings
items: Body Composition, Hand Grip Strength, and Leg Strength in Various Sports
items: Characterization of Axial Forces to the Head During Kipping Handstand Push-ups
items: The Relationship between Career Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction: An Investigation from the Perspective of Efficacy of Football Coaches in Türkiye
items: Learning Trajectories of High-Performance Teacher-Coaches in Japanese High Schools: A Mixed-Methods Study
items: High-intensity Functional Training (HIFT) and the Oxford System: Their Effect on the Physical and Skill Factors of Football Players During Weight Training
items: Inswing or Outswing Corner Kicks? A Meta-Analysis of Offensive Outcomes in Professional Soccer
items: Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Thwarting, Burnout, and Controlling Coach Behaviors among Athletes: A Structural Model on Team Climate
items: Integration of Biomechanics and Digital Technology: Using Kinovea for Motion Analysis and Learning for Beginner Athletes
items: The Role of Big Data Analytics (BDA) in Sport: Sports Data Mining
items: Biomechanical Analysis of Table Tennis Racket Performance Using Makassar Ebony Veneer: A Comparative Study
items: Can Virtual Reality Training Effectively Improve Physical Condition and Back-Row Attack in Volleyball?
items: Biomechanic Variables and Volleyball Serve Receiving Skills: The Role of Special Exercises
items: Doping in Martial Arts: How Is It Managed?
items: Physics in Badminton: How Prospective Coaches Perceive and Apply Torque Concepts
items: Aerobic VS Anaerobic Exercise on Body Composition and Hormonal Adaptations in Athletes and Non-Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
items: Acute Physiological Effects of Energy Drinks on Cardiovascular Endurance, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate in Collegiate Athletes
items: The Impact of Backspin Release Modes on Basketball Spin Axis Alignment
items: Workload Monitoring of Throwing Sport Athletes
items: Lacrosse Player's Sprint Ability: The Relationship Between 30M Cradle Sprint and Medicine Ball Throw
items: The Effects of Perceived Coach Leadership on Athlete’s Burnout: Implications for Quality of Coach-Athlete Relationship
items: Enhancing Youth Cricket Performance: Insights From Field-Based Assessments of Strength, Endurance, and Agility

Usability Testing of Web-Based Anti-Doping Monitoring (Haloatlet 1.0) for Physical Impairment Athletes
type: item
description: Background: Athletes with disabilities still have limited access to digital anti-doping education, reflecting low digital readiness and unequal access to critical information. This gap increases the risk of unintentional doping, highlighting the urgency of improving digital anti-doping education for this population. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the usability of the Haloatlet 1.0 monitoring media, which has been developed as part of an effort to prevent doping use among athletes with disabilities, utilizing the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with an iterative model. The research focuses on the usability testing phase of the developed media product. Materials and methods: Data collection involved a sample of 30 athletes selected from 7 different sports. A Likert-scale System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. The Curved Grading Scale (CGS) was used as a reference to represent the level of usability of Haloatlet 1.0. Results: The usability evaluation of the Haloatlet 1.0 doping prevention monitoring website yielded a SUS score of 81.17 ± 10.74, corresponding to Grade A and falling within the Excellent usability category (top 90–95 percentile). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the Haloatlet 1.0 website successfully provides a high level of usability in supporting athletes with physical disabilities in accessing anti-doping information and prevention resources. Effective anti-doping initiatives require continuous collaboration among key stakeholders to ensure clean and fair sports environments. Therefore, the results of this study offer valuable insights for enhancing inclusive and accessible digital anti-doping education policies, particularly for athletes with disabilities who often experience limited access to conventional learning platforms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Doping in sports
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical impairment
  topic: keywords
subject: Paralympic
  topic: keywords
subject: SUS
  topic: keywords
subject: Haloatlet 1.0
  topic: keywords
creator: Fadilah Umar
creator: Deddy Whinata Kardiyanto
creator: Giri Prayogo
creator: Misbah Misbah
creator: Dina Listiani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fadilah Umar, Deddy Whinata Kardiyanto, Giri Prayogo, Misbah Misbah, Dina Listiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: 131
ending page: 145
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.978

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Emotional Management Instrument in Indonesian Futsal Players
type: item
description: Background: Emotional management is a key psychological factor influencing futsal performance, but available measurement instruments are still general in nature, lack sport-specific validation, and have not been tested on Indonesian futsal athletes. Aims: This study seeks to rigorously validate and confirm the factor structure of an emotional management instrument designed explicitly for Indonesian futsal athletes, thereby strengthening its scientific and contextual relevance calculations with CFA. Methods: Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed on data from 438 athletes recruited through incidental sampling across multiple regions in Indonesia. The emotional management instrument comprised 23 items that had previously undergone rigorous content validation by experts, including psychologists, national-level futsal coaches, and sport science academics. Model fit indices, convergent validity, and internal consistency reliability were systematically evaluated to ensure the robustness of the measurement model. Results: The five-factor model demonstrated excellent fit to the data (e.g., CFI > .95, TLI > .95, RMSEA < .06, SRMR < .08). All factors had AVEs above 0.50, indicating strong convergent validity. Reliability indices were high, with McDonald's ω and Cronbach's α exceeding .70 for all factors. Conclusion: The results indicate that the emotional management instrument demonstrates satisfactory validity, reliability, and structural integrity for application among Indonesian futsal athletes, thereby providing a robust framework for psychological assessment and supporting future research, talent development, and mental training programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CFA
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotion management
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesian futsal
  topic: keywords
subject: Instrument development
  topic: keywords
creator: Wawan Sundawan Suherman
creator: Soni Nopembri
creator: Sigit Dwi Andrianto
creator: Fitri Agung Nanda
creator: Dewi Nurhidayah
creator: Novriansyah Novriansyah
creator: José Vicente García-Jiménez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Wawan Sundawan Suherman, Soni Nopembri, Sigit Dwi Andrianto, Fitri Agung Nanda, Dewi Nurhidayah, Novriansyah Novriansyah, José Vicente García-Jiménez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 176
ending page: 187
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.977

Sports infrastructure as a training environment: Participation patterns and adherence challenges in rural municipalities
type: item
description: Background: Rural areas face persistent challenges in promoting regular sports participation due to demographic ageing, limited infrastructure, and uneven access to organized programs. These constraints may affect not only population-level physical activity but also the training environments available to athletes and coaches in small rural municipalities. Aims: This study analyzes sports habits, motivations, barriers, and the availability of sports facilities in three rural municipalities in southern Spain, examining how local infrastructural and organizational conditions shape participation patterns and adherence to sport. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed involving 289 residents from Cumbres Mayores, Cumbres de San Bartolomé, and Cumbres de Enmedio, selected through a non-probabilistic snowball sampling technique. Data were collected using an adapted questionnaire based on the Spanish Survey of Sports Habits, consisting of items on sports participation frequency, motivations, perceived barriers, and assessment of local sports facilities. The questionnaire demonstrated adequate content validity through expert judgment and high internal reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.86). Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical procedures, including frequencies and percentages, to identify inter-municipal patterns. Result: The findings reveal apparent inter-municipal differences in sustained sports participation and perceived facility adequacy. More than one-third of respondents reported not engaging in regular physical activity, while insufficient or poorly maintained facilities were identified as a key barrier by over 30% of inactive participants. Approximately 40% indicated having practiced sport in the past but no longer do so, particularly in the smallest municipality, suggesting adherence challenges rather than a lack of initial interest. Gender-related disparities were also observed, mainly associated with time co…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sports habits
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports facilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Active ageing
  topic: keywords
creator: David Cobos-Valiente
creator: Jerónimo García-Fernández
creator: Moisés Grimaldi-Puyana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 David Cobos-Valiente, Jerónimo García-Fernández, Moisés Grimaldi-Puyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-02
publication date: 2026-01-02
starting page: 14
ending page: 28
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v5i1.967

Digital Technology and Local Policy: An Evidence-Based Collaborative Model for Sports Talent Identification
type: item
description: Background: Talent identification requires objective and consistent data use, yet many athlete development systems still rely on limited technological support and uneven policy implementation. Aligning digital tools with local policy is therefore essential for creating a more coherent evidence-based approach. Aims: This study explains the relationship between technology utilization and local policy support in enhancing talent identification effectiveness and formulates a collaborative conceptual model integrating both components. Methods: This study used a quantitative explanatory design involving 50 participants consisting of coaches, physical education teachers, and student athletes selected through purposive sampling. Data were obtained through TIDev outputs, validated questionnaires, and structured observations. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression through SPSS to evaluate technology utilization, policy support, and talent mapping efficiency. A conceptual model was formulated through interpretive synthesis based on empirical patterns and relevant theories. Results: Technology utilization showed high mean scores, while policy implementation and impact were moderate. Correlation analysis indicated no significant relationship between policy support and technology use. Regression results showed that TIDev significantly improved talent-mapping efficiency, whereas policy support had no direct effect. Expert validation yielded a high I-CVI score (0.88), confirming relevance of the proposed collaborative model. Conclusion: This study shows that TIDev contributes meaningfully to improving the effectiveness of talent identification, whereas local policy support has not yet been fully integrated into operational practice. Based on the empirical patterns, a collaborative conceptual model was formulated to illustrate how technological evidence and policy structures can be aligned to strengthen talent identificati…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Collaboration model
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional policies
  topic: keywords
subject: Talent mapping
  topic: keywords
subject: TIDev
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Ramli Buhari
creator: Hamdiana Hamdiana
creator: Hendry Ismawan
creator: Muhammad Hakam Fitrah Khumaini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ramli Buhari, Hamdiana Hamdiana, Hendry Ismawan, Muhammad Hakam Fitrah Khumaini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 161
ending page: 175
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.903

Integration of Eye-Tracking Technology in Virtual Reality Applications for Basketball Training: A Mixed Methods Needs Assessment
type: item
description: Background: The integration of virtual reality (VR) and eye-tracking (ET) technologies has considerable potential for enhancing perceptual–cognitive skill development in basketball. However, existing research provides limited guidance on the technical and pedagogical requirements for designing VR–ET systems that are both instructionally meaningful and aligned with user needs. Aims: This study aims to identify these key design requirements through a user-centred mixed-methods approach. Methods: Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with coaches and lecturers were conducted to explore training challenges, expectations, and pedagogical considerations. Insights from the qualitative phase informed the development of a questionnaire administered to student-athletes (N = 120), allowing for the validation and prioritisation of system requirements. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, while quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics. Result: The integrated findings reveal six essential domains for effective VR–ET system design: immersive tactical–technical visualisation, interactive decision-making scenarios, gaze-based performance indicators, real-time visual feedback, learning support features, and implementation readiness. Users emphasised the value of VR–ET for enhancing tactical understanding, attentional control, and personalised training experiences. Conclusion: This study contributes both theoretically and methodologically by addressing the lack of user-informed frameworks in VR–ET research and demonstrating the value of participatory mixed-methods approaches in sports technology development. The results provide a foundational design blueprint for future VR–ET prototypes and offer new insights into how immersive and gaze-based technologies can support athlete learning in team sports.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Virtual reality
  topic: keywords
subject: Eye-tracking
  topic: keywords
subject: Basketball
  topic: keywords
subject: User needs
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Rahmadani
creator: Oki Candra
creator: Feby Elra Perdima
creator: Syed Kamaruzaman Syed Ali
creator: Joseph T Lobo
creator: Novri Gazali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Rahmadani, Oki Candra, Feby Elra Perdima, Syed Kamaruzaman Syed Ali, Joseph T Lobo, Novri Gazali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 146
ending page: 160
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.912

Game-Based Training Model: Does It Improve Fundamental Badminton Young Athletes' Skills?
type: item
description: Background: The application of game models in badminton for young athletes is considered very appropriate. Game models incorporate training elements suitable for young athletes, who are still in a developmental stage that requires play, so that training can be maximized, as athletes feel more relaxed and have more fun in the program. Aims: The research aims to examine the effectiveness of the game model in improving young athletes' badminton skills. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive quasi-experimental design. The research design used in this study was “The One Group Pretest Posttest Design” with no control group. Results: The Wilcoxon test in Table 3 above shows that the pretest and posttest scores for badminton skills were significantly different (p < 0.05). Thus, the game model is efficacious in improving athletes' badminton skills. Conclusion: The game model applied in this study demonstrates high effectiveness in improving young athletes' badminton skills. Therefore, the researcher recommends using a game-based training model to improve young athletes' badminton skills. Implementing game-based training models can significantly enhance the development of young badminton athletes. By integrating play-oriented activities into training, coaches can create a more engaging and motivating environment that aligns with children's developmental needs. This approach not only improves technical and tactical skills in badminton but also promotes enjoyment, reduces training stress, and fosters long-term athlete participation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Badminton
  topic: keywords
subject: Game model
  topic: keywords
subject: Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Young athletes
  topic: keywords
creator: Eka Fitri Novita Sari
creator: Nofi Marlina Siregar
creator: Sigit Nugroho
creator: Lala Septem Riza
creator: Masnur Ali
creator: Novri Asri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eka Fitri Novita Sari, Nofi Marlina Siregar, Sigit Nugroho, Lala Septem Riza, Masnur Ali, Novri Asri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 188
ending page: 198
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.905

Time pressure and player disadvantage: Effects on jump performance in simulated matches of well-trained amateur handball players
type: item
description: Background: At the end of a handball match, when players are physically disadvantaged and pressured by time, their overall fitness declines. This primarily affects their jumping ability, a key skill for scoring points. Aims: This study examined the effects of late-match time pressure and player disadvantage on the jumping performance of well-trained amateur handball players under simulated competition conditions. Methods: Twenty-eight amateur handball players (14 males and 14 females; age 20.00 ± 0.86 years, weight 65.32 ± 11.18 kg, height 169.68 ± 9.56 cm, experience 4.79 ± 2.63 years, and VO2max 40.89 ± 7.67 ml/kg/min) participated in a simulated handball match that replicated the intensity of a simulated game. The match was simulated with a player disadvantage and a score of less than 1 point in the final five minutes. Height jump (HJ), Rate of force development (RFD), and Power (PW) were analyzed using countermovement jumps (CMJ) pre and post competition, along with average heart rate (HR) during the game. Results: HJ, RFD, and PW increased significantly after the competition (P < 0.05), regardless of whether the athlete was on the favored or disadvantaged team. However, no significant differences were found between favored and disadvantaged teams in any of the variables. Conclusion: Jumping performance did not consistently decrease in situations with fewer players and scoring pressure. Furthermore, neuromuscular fitness temporarily increased after intense exercise and a short recovery period.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Time pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation training
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Fatigue
  topic: keywords
subject: Jump performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Teerapong Panichram
creator: Khanita Khumsingsan
creator: Watunyou Khamros
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Teerapong Panichram, Khanita Khumsingsan, Watunyou Khamros https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 29
ending page: 40
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v5i1.869

Differences in perceived readiness to train between two menstrual cycle phases in female athletes
type: item
description: Background: The menstrual cycle and associated physical symptoms, such as fatigue, mood swings, cramps, changes in energy levels, and physical discomfort, may directly influence athletic performance. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two stages of the menstrual cycle (early follicular & luteal phases) on recovery from exercise, as measured by heart rate variability, jumping performance, and a psychological wellness questionnaire in conjunction with current training regimes. Methods: A repeated measurement design was utilized, and statistical significance was set a priori at p < 0.05. Fifteen (n = 15) female participants (mean ± SD) for age, height, weight, body composition of 19.60 ± 1.3 years, 164.67 ± 5.78 cm, 62.44 ± 10.95 kg, and body composition 24.34 ± 6.45%), were tested in the early follicular and early luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. Results: Researchers observed significant differences in perceived readiness to train between the two phases. The early luteal phase showed a significantly higher (p < 0.01) score on the wellness questionnaire than the early follicular phase. No significant differences were found for HRV (p = 0.62), reactive strength index (p = 0.59), and vertical jump performance (p = 0.12) between the two phases. Conclusion: These results suggest that in the early luteal phase, athletes are less negatively affected by psychological factors and appear better prepared to train. However, these factors do not have a significant impact on performance metrics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Athletic performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Female training
  topic: keywords
subject: Menstrual cycle
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports science
  topic: keywords
creator: Noah Reinertz
creator: Brett Crossland
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Noah Reinertz, Brett Crossland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-02
publication date: 2026-01-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v5i1.882

Performance Indicators in Football: Examining the impact of Passing and Crossing Efficiency on Team Rankings
type: item
description: Background: Passing and crossing efficiency are recognized as key factors in football performance, yet their contextual influence in Southeast Asian competitions has been underexplored. The 2024 Mitsubishi Electric Cup offers a vital setting to examine how these technical indicators affect team tactics and rankings within the region's evolving football landscape. Aims: This study aims to analyze team distribution performance through accurate passes, pass success rates, and crossing accuracy, and to determine how these variables relate to team rankings and tactical strategies in both offensive and defensive phases. Methods: A quantitative approach was employed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. Data were collected from official tournament databases. The independent variables were accurate passes, pass success rate, and crossing accuracy, while team ranking served as the dependent variable. Results: Data from ten teams were analyzed. Thailand recorded the highest pass success rate (85%) and passing volume (3,373 passes), showing strong possession control. Vietnam achieved the highest crossing accuracy (60%), indicating effective wide-play. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate relationship between pass success rate and crossing accuracy (r = 0.65, p < 0.05). Regression results confirmed that pass success rate significantly predicted passing volume (R² = 0.45, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Teams with higher pass accuracy demonstrated superior control and competitive performance, while crossing efficiency was more context-dependent. Coaches and federations should emphasize structured passing drills and possession-based play, integrating crossing strategies selectively. Future studies should apply AI-assisted tactical modeling to enhance distribution and performance analysis in regional and global football
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Passing efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Crossing accuracy
  topic: keywords
subject: Tactical performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Football
  topic: keywords
subject: Statistical analysis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin
creator: Ardo Okilanda
creator: Rabiu Muazu Musa
creator: Lao Xiaoyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin, Ardo Okilanda, Rabiu Muazu Musa, Lao Xiaoyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-05
publication date: 2025-11-05
starting page: 87
ending page: 100
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.889

Body Composition, Hand Grip Strength, and Leg Strength in Various Sports
type: item
description: Background: Body composition, leg strength ratio, and handgrip strength could significantly affect and predict aspects of health and athletic performance. We explored the association between body composition (BC), leg strength (LSR), and hand grip strength (HGS) among university athletes in different sports. Aims: to investigate the multiple influences of these physical factors through other sports to provide a more integrated understanding of the total effect of these factors on athlete performance and selection. Methods: Sixty-six university athletes (age: 22.76± 2.11y, BMI 21.57± 3.04 kg/m2) were enrolled for our study. The participants (39 males and 27 females) participated in cricket, volleyball, and athletics. Body composition (BC), including lean body mass (LBM), muscle mass (MM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat mass (BFM), basal metabolic rate (BMR), hand grip strength (HGS), and leg strength ratio (LSR), was assessed. A chi-square test and independent sample t-tests analyzed the differences between categorical and continuous variables. A one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the multiple comparisons (BMR, LSR, BFM, and HGS) across cricket, volleyball, and track and field athletes. Results: The mean BFM in volleyball players was higher than in track and field athletes (14.20 ± 6.28 vs 8.44 ± 3.15, p<0.05). Analysis with a linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and smoking habit indicated that LBM and BFM of participants were positively associated with HGS (p<0.05). However, an increase in HGS was associated with greater LSR in cricket (p< 0.001), volleyball (p <0.0001), and track and field athletes (p< 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that body composition, hand grip strength, and leg strength may be useful in player selection and improving performance for specific sports. Our results indicate increased hand grip strength is associated with greater leg strength.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Body composition
  topic: keywords
subject: Hand grip strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Leg strength ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Lean body mass
  topic: keywords
subject: Body fat mass.
  topic: keywords
creator: Al Azim
creator: Houda Bougrine
creator: Jakir Hossain
creator: Ismail Laher
creator: Karuppasamy Govindasamy
creator: Ayoub Saeidi
creator: Hassane Zouhal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Al Azim, Houda Bougrine, Jakir Hossain, Ismail Laher, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Ayoub Saeidi, Hassane Zouhal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-27
publication date: 2025-08-27
starting page: 71
ending page: 86
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.742

Characterization of Axial Forces to the Head During Kipping Handstand Push-ups
type: item
description: Background: Thousands of athletes perform kipping handstand push-ups (kHSPUs). The safety of kHSPUs has been questioned because of vertical impacts upon the head, but no previous study has examined the ground reaction forces sustained during these exercises. Aims: This exploratory, observational cross-sectional study measured the forces exerted on the head and supported by the neck during kipping handstand push-ups (kHSPU). The goal was to compare these forces with known thresholds that can damage the cervical spine. The researcher also aimed to determine how often people experience symptoms after performing these exercises. Methods: Sixteen volunteers performed three sets of up to 7 kHSPUs with their head and one hand contacting force platforms. Force and video recordings were made while performing the exercises. Volunteers were asked if they had neck pain or headaches related to the exercises. Result: Force profiles showed distinct landing and kipping peaks. Landing forces were higher than during a headstand but less than body weight. Forces were greatest during the "kip" and usually exceeded body weight. Participants who reported pain following kHSPUs extended their necks during the exercises. Forces to the head during kHSPUs were below forces proposed for damage to the young male cervical spine but overlapped those proposed for damage to female cervical spines. Conclusion: While kipping handstand push-ups may be safe for young and previously uninjured male athletes, they may be unsafe for females and those with previous injuries or other compromising factors. Detailed inquiry about symptoms and neck injuries secondary to these exercises is warranted. Based on the initial observations, until these exercises are shown to be safe, athletes should be informed about these possible risks before performing the exercises.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biomechanics
  topic: keywords
subject: Coaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Fitness
  topic: keywords
subject: Neck injury.
  topic: keywords
creator: Geoffrey M Bove
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Geoffrey M Bove
date: 2025-04-27
publication date: 2025-04-27
starting page: 37
ending page: 46
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.623

The Relationship between Career Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction: An Investigation from the Perspective of Efficacy of Football Coaches in Türkiye
type: item
description: Background: Career and life satisfaction are critical factors influencing football coaches' well-being, performance and future. However, the role of coaching efficacy as a mediator between these two factors remains underexplored, particularly in the context of football coaching in Türkiye. Aims: The present study examines the mediating role of coaching efficacy in the relationship between football coaches' careers and life satisfaction. Methods: The research group, which adopted a quantitative approach, consists of individuals with football coaching licences in Türkiye (n=429). The parametric tests were used in the analyses, and a modern approach was adopted for the mediation analysis. Furthermore, ANOVA was applied to the analysis of differences, and the Pearson correlation test was applied to the relationship between concepts. In addition, the difference between the groups was determined by the Tukey test. Result: The age factor did not affect coaching efficacy. However, experience and license categories were found to be important factors. The structural model constructed for the research was confirmed (Δχ²/sd=1.94; RMSEA=.05; CFI=.95; GFI=.90; IFI=.94). Conclusion: The study determined that coaching efficacy mediated the relationship between coaches' career and life satisfaction. Coaching efficacy plays an important role not only for the athletes but also for their own lives. Therefore, it is recommended that football coaches give importance to professional efficacy and improve themselves to achieve career and life satisfaction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Career satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Coaching efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Life satisfaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Anıl Siyahtaş
creator: Ebru Ceviz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anıl Siyahtaş, Ebru Ceviz
date: 2025-02-19
publication date: 2025-02-19
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.563

Learning Trajectories of High-Performance Teacher-Coaches in Japanese High Schools: A Mixed-Methods Study
type: item
description: Background: Understanding how effective coaching impacts athlete success is crucial to understanding how high-performance teacher-coaches manage their dual teaching and coaching roles and develop their professional skills throughout their careers. Aim: This study examined the key learning sources contributing to the professional development of teacher-coaches in Japan. Methods: This study adopted a mixed-methods approach involving eight male teacher-coaches with over 20 years of successful coaching experience. Participants completed a questionnaire rated on a 7-point Likert scale regarding the importance of various learning sources throughout their careers. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of their learning experiences. Results: Quantitative analysis showed that the learning sources changed across career phases: "Learning as a teacher" (20s), "On-the-job experience" (30s–50s), and "Reflection" (60s). The qualitative analysis revealed three main themes: Learning as a teacher (20s), On-the-job experience (30-50s) and Reflection (60s). These themes illustrated how the sources contributed to the development of their coaching skills—early teaching responsibilities nurtured intra- and interpersonal competencies, while later stages emphasized the cultivation of reflective practices. Conclusions: The findings contribute valuable insights into improving coach development programs, ensuring teacher-coaches ongoing growth and success in their dual roles. Coach developers should encourage teacher-coaches to foster intra- and interpersonal knowledge through teaching and various other learning opportunities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Coach development
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning sources
  topic: keywords
subject: On-the-job experience
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching experience.
  topic: keywords
creator: Seita Kuki
creator: Clifford J. Mallett
creator: Jun Mizushima
creator: Steven B. Rynne
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Seita Kuki, Clifford J. Mallett, Jun Mizushima, Steven B. Rynne
date: 2025-04-22
publication date: 2025-04-22
starting page: 22
ending page: 36
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.634

High-intensity Functional Training (HIFT) and the Oxford System: Their Effect on the Physical and Skill Factors of Football Players During Weight Training
type: item
description: Background: Improving the functional fitness of elite football players requires specialized training techniques that align with structured sport-specific programs. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) and the Oxford System are emerging methods incorporated into weightlifting programs to enhance physical and skill-related attributes in football athletes. This study explores their effectiveness compared to traditional weightlifting methods. Aims: The study aims to assess the impact of HIFT and Oxford System exercises on football players' physical and skill development, focusing on explosive force, speed power, maximum speed, dribbling, passing, and scoring. Methods: Twenty-four football players from the Darbandikhan Sports Club (2021–2022 seasons) were purposively allocated into an experimental group (HIFT and Oxford System) and a control group (conventional weightlifting). Physical and skill-related characteristics were measured through pre-tests and post-tests to evaluate improvements. Results: The experimental group significantly improved physical and skill-related attributes between the pre-test and post-test. Post-test results revealed that explosive force, speed power, and maximum speed were significantly higher than in the control group (t = −4.257, p = 0.002). Skill-related dribbling, passing, and scoring improvements were also statistically significant (t = 1.147, p = 0.001; 1.264, p = 0.002; 4.287, p = 0.004). The experimental group outperformed the control group across all measured criteria. Conclusion: The findings indicate that HIFT and Oxford System exercises effectively enhance football players' crucial physical and skill components. Incorporating these training methods into structured programs can significantly improve players' athletic performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Football players
  topic: keywords
subject: High functional training
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxford system
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical variables
  topic: keywords
subject: Skill variables.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassan Hashim Abdulla
creator: Tareq Hussein Mohammed Salih
creator: Hiwa Ahmed Rahim
creator: Dara Latif Saifaddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hassan Hashim Abdulla, Tareq Hussein Mohammed Salih, Hiwa Ahmed Rahim, Dara Latif Saifaddin
date: 2025-02-25
publication date: 2025-02-25
starting page: 13
ending page: 21
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.556

Inswing or Outswing Corner Kicks? A Meta-Analysis of Offensive Outcomes in Professional Soccer
type: item
description: Background: Although corner kicks are the most tactically analyzed set pieces in professional soccer, there is still no consensus on whether inswinging or outswinging deliveries are more effective, and no previous meta-analysis has systematically addressed this question. Aims: The study aimed to compare the offensive effectiveness of inswinging and outswinging corner kicks, specifically concerning goal conversion and the creation of final attempts, while also examining differences between domestic and international competitions. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted using data from 12 eligible studies involving professional competitions. Binary outcomes (goal vs. no goal; final attempt vs. no attempt) were analyzed using log odds ratios under a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were performed based on competition type (domestic vs. international). Result: The cumulative goal conversion rate from corners was 3.09%, while the rate for final attempts was 25.61%. No statistically significant difference was found between inswinging and outswinging corners regarding goal conversion (OR = 0.99, p = 0.67). However, outswinging corners increase the probability of a final attempt (OR = 0.79, p = 0.02) compared to inswinging corners. Conclusion: This first meta-analysis comparing corner kick delivery types shows that, while both are equally effective for scoring, outswinging corners lead to more final attempts. Coaches may prioritize outswinging deliveries to improve offensive output and reduce counterattack risk. Future studies should examine contextual factors (e.g., marking systems, delivery zones) and include defensive outcomes for a more holistic tactical understanding.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Corners
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Set pieces
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports analytics
  topic: keywords
subject: Tactics.
  topic: keywords
creator: Spyridon Plakias
creator: Vasilis Armatas
creator: Giannis Giakas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Spyridon Plakias, Vasilis Armatas, Giannis Giakas
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 47
ending page: 57
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.730

Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Thwarting, Burnout, and Controlling Coach Behaviors among Athletes: A Structural Model on Team Climate
type: item
description: Background: Team climate plays a crucial role in athletes' psychological well-being and performance. While sports participation fosters social connections and mental wellness, athletes also face stressors that impact their motivation and well-being. Aims: This study aimed to assess the levels of psychological needs satisfaction (PNS), psychological need thwarting (PNT), burnout (BO), controlling coach behavior (CCB), and team climate (TC) among athletes. It also examined the relationships among these variables, identified key predictors of team climate, and determined the best-fitting model explaining team climate in a sports context. Methods: A descriptive-correlational design and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to analyze data from 57 competitive athletes. PNS, PNT, CCB, and BO were measured to identify key predictors influencing TC and its model parsimony. Results: Mean scores indicated moderate to high levels of PNS (x̄=5.87), PT (x̄=3.30), BO (x̄=3.00), CCB (x̄=2.90), and TC (x̄=5.53). Correlation analysis revealed that PNS positively correlated with TC (r=0.545; p<0.01), while PT (r=-0.362; p<0.01) and BO (r=-0.200; p<0.05) negatively correlated with TC. Multiple regression showed that PNS (β=0.626; p=0.000), PT (β=-0.504; p=0.000), and BO (β=0.423; p=0.004) significantly predicted TC, with an R² of 0.505. Among of the generated models, hypothesized model 4 met the high threshold indices (CMIN/DF=1.102, RMSEA=0.02, GFI=0.981, CFI=0.958, TLI=0.972, NFI=0.956). Conclusion: PNS emerged as the strongest predictor of TC, while PNT hindered it. Surprisingly, BO positively influenced TC, suggesting shared adversity may strengthen cohesion. CCB did not directly predict TC but indirectly influenced BO. The findings highlight the importance of athlete-centered coaching in fostering supportive teams and well-being.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Burnout
  topic: keywords
subject: Controlling Coach Behaviors
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological need satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological need thwarting
  topic: keywords
subject: Team Climate
  topic: keywords
creator: Arianne Michael Sim Monderondo Tuano
creator: Arvin Alcaraz Andacao
creator: Jovelito Dora
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arianne Michael Sim Monderondo Tuano, Arvin Alcaraz Andacao, Jovelito Dora
date: 2025-08-08
publication date: 2025-08-08
starting page: 58
ending page: 70
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.656

Integration of Biomechanics and Digital Technology: Using Kinovea for Motion Analysis and Learning for Beginner Athletes
type: item
description: Background: The integration of biomechanics with digital motion-analysis technologies has introduced new approaches for examining movement efficiency, kinematic characteristics, and technical patterns in walking and running activities. Kinovea, as an accessible motion-analysis software, provides both visual and quantitative feedback. However, its application in supporting technique development among beginner athletes remains insufficiently explored. Aim: This study aims to describe the use of Kinovea in biomechanics training and examine its contribution to the awareness of kinematic characteristics and movement techniques among beginner athletes. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design involved 72 beginner athletes aged 18–25 years selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected over 16 weeks through interviews, field observations, and motion video recordings analyzed using Kinovea. Kinematic data focused on joint angles, stride behavior, and movement phases during walking, running, and the flight phase. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis with NVivo 12, while kinematic results were interpreted descriptively to identify performance patterns and areas for technical refinement. Result: Kinematic analysis showed coordinated joint-angle patterns across all phases. Walking analysis identified arm swing angles of 50.9°–58.8° and leg separation angles of 64.3°–67.2°, indicating a stable gait rhythm. The running analysis revealed knee angles of 68.8°–69.8° and elbow angles of 87.6°–89.1°, indicating efficient propulsive mechanics. The flight phase demonstrated knee angles of 81.2°–87.8° and elbow angles of 80.4°–88.3°, suggesting effective momentum use and postural stability. These measurements supported stride-efficiency assessment and technique evaluation. Qualitative findings revealed that Kinovea enabled athletes to interpret movement phases and identify technical inefficiencies through slow-motion and frame-by-frame visualization. Conclusio…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Athletic performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomechanics
  topic: keywords
subject: Kinovea
  topic: keywords
subject: Motion analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Sport technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Nur Hudha
creator: Riezky Maya Probosari
creator: Annisa Nur Khasanah
creator: Supurwoko
creator: Salsabila Kholifahtun Nisa’
creator: Gifran Rihla Gifarka Latief
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Nur Hudha, Riezky Maya Probosari, Annisa Nur Khasanah, Supurwoko, Salsabila Kholifahtun Nisa’, Gifran Rihla Gifarka Latief https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2029-11-29
publication date: 2029-11-29
starting page: 118
ending page: 130
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.890

The Role of Big Data Analytics (BDA) in Sport: Sports Data Mining
type: item
description: Background: Big Data Analytics (BDA) is urgently needed in Indonesian sports to improve evidence-based decision-making, athlete development, and organizational management. While BDA has transformed global sports through data-driven insights, its application in Indonesia remains limited and fragmented. The absence of integrated analytics between athlete performance and organizational quality management hinders the creation of sustainable, long-term development systems. Aims: This study investigates how BDA can enhance athlete development and organizational management by analyzing multidimensional data from athletes, coaches, referees, and sports infrastructures. It also aims to identify dominant predictors of athlete performance across various sports and to evaluate the quality management practices of the National Sports Committee of Indonesia (NSCI). Methods: A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was applied. The quantitative phase involved 67 athletes from six sports: football, table tennis, weightlifting, pencak silat, basketball, and karate at the Sport Training Center. Data on anthropometry, fitness, and achievements were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-Square, and regression tests. The qualitative phase involved interviews and observations with 8–12 stakeholders, while organizational quality was assessed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Result: Results revealed significant performance differences among sports (F = 4.927, p = 0.001). Each sport had unique dominant predictors: VO₂ max and anthropometry (soccer), agility (table tennis), muscle strength (weightlifting), endurance and height (basketball), and speed (karate). NSCI’s organizational analysis showed substantial deficiencies in management, facilities, and procedures (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study confirms that BDA is crucial in advancing sustainable sports development. By identifying sport-specific performance predictors and systemic weaknesses, BDA provides a scientifi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Big data analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports coaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Soedjatmiko
creator: Atip Nurcahyani
creator: Putra Sastaman B
creator: Mashud
creator: Ahmad Nasrulloh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Soedjatmiko, Atip Nurcahyani, Putra Sastaman B, Mashud, Ahmad Nasrulloh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 101
ending page: 117
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i2.717

Biomechanical Analysis of Table Tennis Racket Performance Using Makassar Ebony Veneer: A Comparative Study
type: item
description: Background: A racket's performance in controlling trajectory and manipulating the speed of the ball is greatly influenced by its structural characteristics and materials. The material of the table tennis racket can affect its performance, reducing the speed and control of the ball. Aims: The main objective of this research is to analyze the biomechanical performance of the Garuda Unesa Speed (GUS) table tennis racket made from Makassar ebony veneer as the main material and to compare its attributes, particularly speed and control, with those of high-end commercial rackets. Methods: This study applies a comparative design by comparing two types of rackets in table tennis. Two-dimensional kinematics analysis was also conducted using Kinovea software. Result: Based on the t-test results with a non-parametric path, all variables showed a significant difference with a p-value of 0.01 (Sig < 0.05). However, one variable did not show a significant difference, namely the velocity variable, with a p-value of 0.05 (Sig < 0.05). If examined from the average value, the speed variable has a slight difference (a difference of 0.5). The average speed data shows that the Makassar ebony wood veneer racket has better speed. Conclusion: Based on the results of biomechanical analysis, the reflection of the Makassar ebony wood veneer racket makes a good contribution to the speed and control of the table tennis racket. This finding has practical implications for designing an effective table tennis athlete smash and block game by utilizing the speed and control of a table tennis racket using Makassar ebony wood veneer.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biomechanical analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Table tennis
  topic: keywords
subject: Racket performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Makassar ebony veneer.
  topic: keywords
creator: Wachid Sugiharto
creator: Nurhasan Nurhasan
creator: Dwi Cahyo Kartiko
creator: Muchamad Arif Al Ardha
creator: Sauqi Sawa Bikalawan
creator: Sheva Edhu Wigraha
creator: Jay Mark Arbaan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Wachid Sugiharto, Nurhasan Nurhasan, Dwi Cahyo Kartiko, Muchamad Arif Al Ardha, Sauqi Sawa Bikalawan, Sheva Edhu Wigraha, Jay Mark Arbaan
date: 2025-06-18
publication date: 2025-06-18
starting page: 128
ending page: 141
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.724

Can Virtual Reality Training Effectively Improve Physical Condition and Back-Row Attack in Volleyball?
type: item
description: Background: There is an urgent need to explore innovative training methods that can improve the physical condition and back-row attack performance of junior volleyball players. Despite its great potential, Virtual Reality (VR) is still underutilized in youth sports training. Aims: This study aims to test the effectiveness of VR-based training in improving physical conditioning and back-row attack quality. Method: A quasi-experimental design was employed with 24 junior volleyball athletes aged 14 to 16. The participants underwent VR-based training three times a week for six weeks, with each 45-minute session consisting of a 15-minute warm-up, a 30-minute training session, and a 5-minute cool-down. Measurement tools included vertical jump tests, 20-meter sprints, Illinois agility tests, and structured observations to evaluate physical performance and back-row attack effectiveness. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and multiple linear regression. Result: The results showed significant improvements in vertical jump height (d = −8.18), sprint time (d = 2.42), agility score (d = 3.32), and back row attack (d = −3.32) at p < 0.001. Structured observations revealed improvements in the accuracy, timing, and coordination of back-row attacks. Regression analysis revealed that a better physical condition, particularly in terms of jumping and agility, significantly contributed to improved back-row attack performance (R² = 0.876, p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that VR-based training can effectively enhance physical condition and technical performance in back-row attacks, likely due to the immersive simulation environment supporting enhanced motor learning and situational awareness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Back-row attacks
  topic: keywords
subject: Junior volleyball
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical condition
  topic: keywords
subject: Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Virtualization.
  topic: keywords
creator: Bujang Bujang
creator: Yusuf Hidayat
creator: Mia Kusumawati
creator: Hasan Basri
creator: Azi Faiz Ridho
creator: Wahidah Tumijan
creator: Wan Ahmad Munsif Wan Pa
creator: Dywa Ikal Mutaqin
creator: Bimo Subagyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bujang, Yusuf Hidayat, Mia Kusumawati, Hasan Basri, Azi Faiz Ridho, Wahidah Tumijan, Wan Ahmad Munsif Wan Pa, Dywa Ikal Mutaqin, Bimo Subagyo
date: 2025-06-10
publication date: 2025-06-10
starting page: 100
ending page: 111
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.728

Biomechanic Variables and Volleyball Serve Receiving Skills: The Role of Special Exercises
type: item
description: Background of study: Volleyball is a highly dynamic sport in which serve reception plays a crucial role in determining a team's success. Ineffective serve reception can disrupt attack strategies. Therefore, developing training methods that improve reception accuracy and biomechanical efficiency is important. Aims and scope of paper: Preparing special exercises to aid in some biomechanical variables and learning to receive a volleyball serve for players. As well as identify the effect of these exercises on the variables under study. Methods: The experimental method was employed to address the research problem, utilizing a pre-test and post-test design with control and experimental groups. The samples comprised 20 players and were divided by a simple random method (lottery) into the experimental and control groups, each comprising 10 players. Result: The results showed that the significance level values were significant for all research variables, which indicates the significance of the differences between the pre-and-and post-test and in favour of the post-test. It was below the significance level (0.05). Conclusion: The exercises with the aids prepared by the researchers positively improved the values of the biomechanical variables (leg strength-maximum leg pressure-body angles-height, and speed of the ball at the moment of contact). Therefore, the researchers recommend using the exercises with the aids prepared by the researcher to learn and train serve-receiving skills in volleyball.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biomechanical variables
  topic: keywords
subject: Serve receiving
  topic: keywords
subject: Special exercises
  topic: keywords
subject: Volleyball.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed Khudhair Jawad
creator: Ali Abdul Hassan Hussein
creator: Nagham Salih Neama
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Khudhair Jawad, Ali Abdul Hassan Hussein, Nagham Salih Neama
date: 2025-02-25
publication date: 2025-02-25
starting page: 66
ending page: 75
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.601

Doping in Martial Arts: How Is It Managed?
type: item
description: Background: Doping remains a persistent issue in martial arts, exacerbated by the easy access to over-the-counter medications containing banned substances. Despite existing regulations, athletes often lack comprehensive knowledge of anti-doping measures, leading to unintentional violations. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a doping management program in improving knowledge and awareness of doping among martial arts athletes. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. Twenty-one national-level martial arts athletes were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews and standardized questionnaires. The doping management intervention included a web-based doping screening tool, an anti-doping educational module, and a 24-hour online consultation clinic implemented during the 2024 National Sports Week (PON) training period. Results: Results showed a significant increase in athletes' knowledge of doping, with the mean score rising from 54% to 76% (p = 0.002), especially in terms of understanding Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs). However, the study also found low utilization of online doping clinics, confusion regarding TUE procedures, and continued reliance on coaches for drug use. Document analysis and institutional mapping showed that coordination between stakeholders was fragmented, and socialization of anti-doping services was not optimal. Conclusion: The findings underscore that coaches play a pivotal role in doping management, serving as primary sources of information and guidance for athletes. Strengthening the involvement of coaches in anti-doping education is essential to maintaining a doping-free environment and ensuring the success of doping prevention strategies in martial arts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anti-doping
  topic: keywords
subject: Combat sports
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Substance abuse
  topic: keywords
subject: WADA policy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Agung Nugroho
creator: Arko Jatmiko Wicaksono
creator: Hary Widodo
creator: Santosa Budiharjo
creator: Djoko Pekik Irianto
creator: Rustamaji Rustamaji
creator: Lismadiana Lismadiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Agung Nugroho, Arko Jatmiko Wicaksono, Hary Widodo, Santosa Budiharjo, Djoko Pekik Irianto, Rustamaji, Lismadiana
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 112
ending page: 127
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.683

Physics in Badminton: How Prospective Coaches Perceive and Apply Torque Concepts
type: item
description: Background: Training methodologies in badminton often focus on technique and endurance, yet the integration of scientific principles, such as torque, remains underutilized. As a critical factor influencing shot power, speed, and accuracy, a deeper understanding of torque can optimize training effectiveness and systematically enhance athlete performance. Aims: This research aims to analyze prospective badminton coaches’ understanding and application of physics concepts, particularly torque, in training methodologies. Methods: This research employed the qualitative descriptive method involving 24 prospective badminton coaches (17 males and 7 females, aged 18-22) in Bandung, Indonesia. A survey was conducted to assess their understanding of physics and its application in training. Data collected through the questionnaire was analyzed using NVivo software, which facilitated thematic analysis and coding of qualitative responses. Results: The findings indicate that, while most of the respondents are familiar with physics terms, only a few recognize torque as a relevant concept in the badminton context. A deeper understanding of torque can help coaches optimize playing techniques by improving racket rotation efficiency, thereby enhancing hitting power with minimal energy expenditure. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that integrating physics concepts, particularly torque on the racket, into badminton training provides a valuable perspective for improving training quality. The findings suggest that badminton coach training programs should integrate physics concepts to enhance training effectiveness and efficiency while systematically improving athlete performance based on scientific evidence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Badminton
  topic: keywords
subject: Coaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Physics
  topic: keywords
subject: Training methodology.
  topic: keywords
creator: Tian Kurniawan
creator: Nuzulira Janeusse Fratiwi
creator: Nurdini Nurdini
creator: Herdiansyah Agus
creator: Nur Habib Muhammad Iqbal
creator: Reza Ruhbani Amarulloh
creator: Achmad Samsudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tian Kurniawan, Nuzulira Janeusse Fratiwi, Nurdini, Herdiansyah Agus, Nur Habib Muhammad Iqbal, Reza Ruhbani Amarulloh, Achmad Samsudin
date: 2025-03-17
publication date: 2025-03-17
starting page: 76
ending page: 87
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.564

Aerobic VS Anaerobic Exercise on Body Composition and Hormonal Adaptations in Athletes and Non-Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
type: item
description: Background:This study examined the differential effects of aerobic and anaerobicexercise on body composition and hormonal adaptations in athletes and non-athletes, providing evidence-based recommendations for optimizing fitness andhealth outcomes, such as training duration, frequency, and the combination ofaerobic and anaerobic exercises. Aim: These specific recommendations aim to enhanceboth physical performance and overall health, tailored to the needs of differentpopulations. Methods: A randomized controlled trialinvolving 120 males(60 athletes,60 non-athletes, aged 18–25 years) was conducted. Participants engaged in 12 weeks ofeither aerobic or anaerobic exercise. The aerobic group performed moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for 50 minutes persession, 3 times per week,while the anaerobic group performed 30 minutes of resistancetraining followed by 20 minutes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) 3 times per week. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured body composition, while blood samplesassessed testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone levels. Mixed ANOVA analyzedthe effects of exercise type, athletic status, and time. Results: Anaerobic exercise led to significant increases in lean body mass andstrength, while aerobic exercise induced greater fat loss. Athletes exhibited morepronounced increases in testosterone and growth hormone levels, compared tonon-athletes. Conclusions:Tailoredexerciseprograms,consideringfitnesslevelsandgoals,canoptimize body composition and hormonal health. These findings have practicalimplications for designing effective training regimens for diverse populations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aerobic exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Anaerobic exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Body composition
  topic: keywords
subject: Endurance training
  topic: keywords
subject: High-intensity training
  topic: keywords
subject: Hormonal changes.
  topic: keywords
creator: Md Shahariar Kabir
creator: Sunita Yadav
creator: Subhashis Biswas
creator: Sangeeta Pradhan
creator: Vlad Adrian Geantă
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Md Shahariar Kabir, Sunita Yadav, Subhashis Biswas, Sangeeta Pradhan, Vlad Adrian Geantă
date: 2025-01-27
publication date: 2025-01-27
starting page: 52
ending page: 65
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.553

Acute Physiological Effects of Energy Drinks on Cardiovascular Endurance, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate in Collegiate Athletes
type: item
description: Background: Energy drinks are commonly consumed by athletes due to their caffeine and stimulant content, which is believed to enhance performance. Previous research suggests benefits for anaerobic power and reaction time, but their effects on cardiovascular endurance and physiological responses remain inconclusive. Aims: This study aimed to examine the acute effects of energy drink consumption on cardiovascular endurance, blood pressure, and heart rate among collegiate athletes in the Philippines. Methods: Using a one-group pretest-washout-posttest design, 21 collegiate athletes (12 males, 9 females) participated. Cardiovascular endurance was assessed using the beep test. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using a digital sphygmomanometer (Omron 10 Series BP7450), while heart rate (HR) and heart rate recovery (HRR) were monitored digitally. Participants underwent a pretest, consumed 330 ml of energy drink, completed a washout period, and then performed a post-test. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality, and paired sample t-tests determined pre–and post-test differences. Result: Energy drink intake did not significantly improve cardiovascular endurance (p > .05). However, significant increases in DBP (p = .040) and HR (p = .029) were observed in males. At the same time, females showed a significant rise in SBP (p = .032). HRR significantly improved in females (p = .031), indicating a possible short-term recovery benefit. Combined results showed a significant increase in DBP (p = .021), while HRR approached significance (p = .055). Conclusion: Although no enhancement in cardiovascular endurance was observed, energy drinks acutely influenced cardiovascular markers, raising blood pressure and heart rate in males and enhancing HRR in females. The absence of a control group and uncontrolled variables, such as caffeine metabolism, hydration, and socioeconomic factors, limit causal conclusions. These findings suggest …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cardiovascular endurance
  topic: keywords
subject: Collegiate athletes
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy drink
  topic: keywords
subject: Intermittent sports.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rey L. Rabuya
creator: Joseph Lobo
creator: Arvin A. Andacao
creator: Leonard Sydrick H. Pajo
creator: Hazel Joyce M. Cariaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rey L. Rabuya, Joseph Lobo, Arvin A. Andacao, Leonard Sydrick H. Pajo, Hazel Joyce M. Cariaga
date: 2025-04-14
publication date: 2025-04-14
starting page: 88
ending page: 99
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.639

The Impact of Backspin Release Modes on Basketball Spin Axis Alignment
type: item
description: Background: Ball backspin is created during a basketball's final release. The complex nature of the hand-ball interaction at the moment of release can result in spin axis (SA) misalignment, which decreases shooting accuracy. Aims: This study is the first to analyze distinct backspin modes, such as hand orientation, twist, and push location, and how each mode contributes to overall SA misalignment. Methods: Three-dimensional ball backspin, hand orientation, hand position, and ball twist before release were measured for 20 male basketball athletes. The multiple linear regression test analyzed SA misalignment about the vertical axis (ey) and side SA misalignment (ez). Results: The multiple linear regression for SA misalignment about the vertical axis (ey) found that the orientation of the fingers and twist modes were equally important while the push location was insignificant (f2 = 1.9, R2 = 0.63, F = 17.0, p less than 0.001). For side SA misalignment (ez), all three modes contributed to ez misalignment (f2 = 3.3, R2 = 0.77, F = 18.1, p less than 0.001), with both the orientation of the palm and twist modes contributing equally and the vertical push location having a smaller contribution. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that five different backspin modes—two for ey and three for ez—each have distinct effects and combine to produce the final SA alignment after the ball is released. Knowing how each mode contributes to the final SA misalignment will allow coaches to identify necessary changes in individual players' shooting techniques to improve their release and increase accuracy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Shooting performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Jump shot
  topic: keywords
subject: Backspin
  topic: keywords
subject: Release.
  topic: keywords
creator: Madelyn Carniglia
creator: Nathan Slegers
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Madelyn Carniglia, Nathan Slegers
date: 2024-09-09
publication date: 2024-09-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.414

Workload Monitoring of Throwing Sport Athletes
type: item
description: Background: Throwing events involve the full use of the kinetic chain. Therefore, monitoring training loads is crucial to optimizing athlete adaptation while minimizing the risk of fatigue and long-term injury. Aims: This study aimed to determine external load using work calculations and compare them to current session internal workload metrics such as heart rate and rate of perceived exertion. Furthermore, it aimed to monitor workload over a nine-week period. Methods: Internal training load was evaluated using modes of heart rate monitoring and rate of perceived exertion. External training load was calculated as the product of throw distances and implement weight. Acute to chronic workload ratio was calculated by dividing the acute workload by the chronic workload Results: Twenty-five throwing athletes (age: 19 (3); height: 1.82 (0) meter; mass: 93 (19) kilogram) completed 11 (7) throws in a single field session during which throwing work was calculated (Throw distance: 40.87 (17.54) meter; session-rating of perceived exertion: 198 (269) arbitrary units; Total work: 8719.37 (13960.6) Joule; Average work: 726.61 (1877.92) Joule). Correlations (p less than 0.05) were found between session rating of perceived exertion and average work (r=0.433), session duration and total (r=0.433), and average workload (r=0.523). Negative correlations existed between average heart rate and total work (r=-0.435), average work (r=-0.442), and duration. (r=-0.483). Workloads and acute to chronic workload ratio differed over the 9 weeks (p=0.025). Conclusion: Relationships were reported between calculated average work, s-RPE, session duration, and average heart rate, indicating that monitoring the duration of training sessions will be of value while changing the implement weight in the sessions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Acute chronic
  topic: keywords
subject: Hammer throw
  topic: keywords
subject: Javelin
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical work
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth athletes.
  topic: keywords
creator: Janel Havinga
creator: Andrew Green
creator: Clinton Swanepoel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Janel Havinga, Andrew Green, Clinton Swanepoel
date: 2024-12-14
publication date: 2024-12-14
starting page: 41
ending page: 51
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.460

Lacrosse Player's Sprint Ability: The Relationship Between 30M Cradle Sprint and Medicine Ball Throw
type: item
description: Background: Few studies have examined the sprinting capacity of female lacrosse players compared to other field-based sports. Sprinting ability in lacrosse, particularly when players are cradling the ball, may differ from traditional sprinting, as handling the ball can affect acceleration and overall speed. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sprinting ability and medicine ball throws in female collegiate lacrosse players. Specifically, it sought to compare sprint performance with and without cradling and examine how medicine ball throw performance correlates with sprinting ability. Methods: Twenty-two participants (19.9 ± 1.2 years) were recruited from a collegiate lacrosse team. They performed 30m and cradle sprint trials from a standing start. Additionally, participants conducted medicine ball throws with 1kg, 2kg, and 3kg weights. Sprint times were recorded for 0-10m and a total of 30m distances. Results: The time for the total 30m distance was significantly shorter in the regular 30m sprint trial than in the 30m cradle trial. The 0-10m segment was slower in the cradle sprint trial than the regular sprint trial. Faster individuals in the 30m sprint trial were associated with longer distances in the 1kg and 2kg medicine ball throws. In comparison, faster individuals in the 30m cradle sprint trial were correlated with longer distances in the 1kg, 2kg, and 3kg medicine ball throws. Conclusion: The cradle affects acceleration from a stopped position. Additionally, sprinting ability while cradling the ball is correlated with performance in the 3kg medicine ball throw, suggesting a relationship between upper-body strength and sprint performance in lacrosse.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lacrosse
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicine ball throw
  topic: keywords
subject: Female athletes.
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuya Maruo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yuya Maruo
date: 2024-11-11
publication date: 2024-11-11
starting page: 34
ending page: 40
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.393

The Effects of Perceived Coach Leadership on Athlete’s Burnout: Implications for Quality of Coach-Athlete Relationship
type: item
description: Background: Numerous studies have explored the effect of coach-athlete relationships on athletes' burnout, yet there has been a notable gap in the mediating role of coach leadership. Aim: This study sought to investigate how perceived coach leadership affects athlete burnout and its implications for the quality of coach-athlete relationships. Methods: A total of 248 athletes from individual, dual, and team sports participated, comprising 142 (57.26 percent) males and 106 (42.74 percent) females, aged between 18 and 35 years (M= 20.24, SD = 2.02), all based in Iligan City. The study examined the variables and their connections by employing a descriptive-correlational methodology. The researchers utilize a snowball sampling technique to expand the sample through referrals. Results: The findings revealed that coach leadership does not directly mediate the relationship between the coach-athlete dynamic and athlete burnout. However, the quality of the coach-athlete relationship significantly impacts burnout. Key relationship factors, such as emotional closeness, complementarity, and commitment, play crucial roles. Athletes who reported stronger relational bonds with their coaches, characterized by trust, open communication, and shared goals, experienced lower levels of burnout. Conversely, weaker relationships, marked by conflict or lack of emotional connection, were linked to higher burnout levels. Conclusion: While coach leadership does not serve as a mediator, it plays a vital role in fostering a supportive coach-athlete relationship, significantly reducing burnout. This study emphasizes the significance of fostering robust relationships between coaches and athletes to reduce athlete burnout. Sports coaches should prioritize relationship-building over merely employing leadership skills since this can significantly enhance an athlete's emotional resilience and mental well-being. Coaches must emphasize cultivating closeness with athletes by promoting open communication,…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Athlete burnout
  topic: keywords
subject: Coach-athlete relationship
  topic: keywords
subject: Coach leadership.
  topic: keywords
creator: Chrissel Jay Duhaylungsod
creator: Kate Icalina
creator: Jet Clayton Longakit
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Chrissel Jay Duhaylungsod, Kate Icalina, Jet Clayton Longakit
date: 2024-10-03
publication date: 2024-10-03
starting page: 23
ending page: 33
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.405

Enhancing Youth Cricket Performance: Insights From Field-Based Assessments of Strength, Endurance, and Agility
type: item
description: Background The physical demands of cricket, particularly in youth players, encompass critical components of strength, endurance, and agility, which are essential for optimal performance and maintaining competitive success. Strength, endurance, and agility are vital in enhancing youth cricketers' overall physical fitness and performance levels, directly influencing their ability to sustain high-intensity efforts, execute precise movements, and recover effectively during matches and training sessions. Aims: This research aimed to evaluate the field-based performance levels of young cricketers in Belagavi through innovative assessments: the wall squat, 2km time trial, and Run-a-three tests, highlighting their importance in enhancing player fitness and performance. Methods: A cohort of 100 young cricketers (aged 18-24) with a minimum of 2 years experience underwent comprehensive assessments using the wall squat, 2km time trial, and Run-a-three tests across various cricket grounds in Belagavi. Statistical analyses provided insights into their fitness levels across different player categories (batsmen, bowlers, all-rounders, and wicketkeepers). Results: Significant variations in fitness levels were observed among player categories, with wall squat endurance being the most notable area for improvement, as the mean performance was 51.54 ± 20.79 seconds. The average 2km trial was completed in 10.03 ± 1.42 minutes, while the Run-a-three drill averaged 11.86 ± 1.33 seconds. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted fitness interventions to enhance lower body endurance across all roles. Conclusion: This study underscores the imperative for tailored fitness regimens to address deficiencies in strength, endurance, and agility among young cricketers in Belagavi. These targeted interventions can enhance their competitive readiness and support long-term athletic development. Future research should explore the specific impact of these fitness interventions on performanc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Youth cricket
  topic: keywords
subject: Endurance assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Strength training
  topic: keywords
subject: Agility improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance enhancement.
  topic: keywords
creator: Basavaraj Motimath
creator: Mansoor Pasha A
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Basavaraj Motimath, Mansoor Pasha A
date: 2024-09-17
publication date: 2024-09-17
starting page: 12
ending page: 22
doi: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.390