Biomechanic Variables and Volleyball Serve Receiving Skills: The Role of Special Exercises
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58524/jcss.v4i1.601Keywords:
Biomechanical variables, Serve receiving, Special exercises, Volleyball.Abstract
Background of study: Volleyball is a highly dynamic sport in which serve reception plays a crucial role in determining a team's success. Ineffective serve reception can disrupt attack strategies. Therefore, developing training methods that improve reception accuracy and biomechanical efficiency is important.
Aims and scope of paper: Preparing special exercises to aid in some biomechanical variables and learning to receive a volleyball serve for players. As well as identify the effect of these exercises on the variables under study.
Methods: The experimental method was employed to address the research problem, utilizing a pre-test and post-test design with control and experimental groups. The samples comprised 20 players and were divided by a simple random method (lottery) into the experimental and control groups, each comprising 10 players.
Result: The results showed that the significance level values were significant for all research variables, which indicates the significance of the differences between the pre-and-and post-test and in favour of the post-test. It was below the significance level (0.05).
Conclusion: The exercises with the aids prepared by the researchers positively improved the values of the biomechanical variables (leg strength-maximum leg pressure-body angles-height, and speed of the ball at the moment of contact). Therefore, the researchers recommend using the exercises with the aids prepared by the researcher to learn and train serve-receiving skills in volleyball.
References
Abdul, A. R., & Hatem, N. (2024). Psychological hesitation in performing touch among Paralympic players in the Salma Hussein Al-Jumaili Championship. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(3), 551-555. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1419452
Adamec, P., & Pridal, V. (2024). The relationship between serve-receive quality and attack performance across different age categories in women’s elite volleyball. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 24(5), 1133–1138.
Ahmadi, M., Nobari, H., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Pérez-Gómez, J., Ribeiro, A. L. de A., & Martínez-Rodríguez, A. (2021). Effects of plyometric jump training in sand or rigid surface on jump-related biomechanical variables and physical fitness in female volleyball players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413093
Ali, A. R. & Shaalan, M. A. (2021). Effect of (I.P.A.G.A) model in cognitive achievement for students of The College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Texas Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(1), 13–19.
Al-Jubouri, Z. H. F., & Hussein, A. R. A. (2022). Methods of parental treatment and its relationship with emotional stability among female students in Al-Mustansiriya University. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 3(3), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v3i3.312
Al-Tamimi, H. S. N. (2023). The effect of special exercises in developing the values of some bio kinematics variables and physical abilities of the accuracy of the crushing transmission skill in volleyball (Misan players 20-25 years old). Journal of Sports Science and Nutrition, 4(1), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.33545/27077012.2023.v4.i1b.153
Ardha, M. A. A., Ristanto, K. O., Sidik, R. M., & Fajar, M. K. (2024). Perceptions of coaches and athletes in using android-based match statistics applications at national potential young athlete training centers (SLOMPN). International Journal of Educational Development, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijed.v1i1.36
Aulia, M., & Yuliani, H. (2022). POE-Based E-Module (Predict, Observe, and Explain): Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Skills on Kinetic Theory of Gases. Online Learning In Educational Research (OLER), 2(2), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.58524/oler.v2i2.128
Callupe, R. L., Chau, J. M., Garcia, J. G., Chicoma, C. G., Arrese, C. F., Artieda, M. H., Elias, D. A., & Villota, E. R. (2022). Testing protocol for evaluating underhand serve-reception biomechanics in volleyball. 1-10, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371221106360
Dayekh, Y. A. B., (2002). A comparative analytical study of some biomechanical variables between receiving the serve and defending the field in volleyball. (PhD thesis, University of Basra).
Nascimento, M. H., Castro, H. de O., Rocha, A. C. R., Freire, A. B., Pedrosa, G. F., Ugrinowitsch, H., Savassi Figueiredo, L., Laporta, L., & Costa, G. D. C. T. (2024). Social Network Analysis: Understanding Volleyball Dynamics through Match Opponents. Applied Sciences, 14(13), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135418
González-Silva, J., Fernández-Echeverría, C., Conejero, M., & Moreno, M. P. (2020). Characteristics of serve, reception and set that determine the setting efficacy in men’s volleyball. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00222
Gupta, D., Jensen, J. L., & Abraham, L. D. (2021). Biomechanics of hang-time in volleyball spike jumps. Journal of Biomechanics, 121(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110380
Hewett, T. E., & Bates, N. A. (2017). Preventive biomechanics: A Paradigm shift with a translational approach to injury prevention. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 2654–2664. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516686080
Hussein, A. R. A., & Hrebid, N. K. (2023). Special Exercises to Develop Speed Endurance, Passing and Shooting Skills for Young Handball Players. Journal of Coaching and Sports Science, 2(2), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.58524/jcss.v2i2.237
Hussein, A. R. A. (2025). The effect of the Ayas model to learning individual fast attack and high-order thinking skills of handball for students. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 3(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v3i1.89153
Idrees, M. T., Yasir, A. M., & Hammood, H. S. (2022). The effect of a proposed training program using intermittent training to develop some physical and bio- kinematic variables and accuracy of the jump spike serve skill in volleyball. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología Del Ejercicio y El Deporte, 17(4), 216–220.
Ikeda, A., & Mori, K. (2024). Basic analysis for evaluation of tennis volley skill using body propagated vibration sensing. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, 36(5), 1235–1242. https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2024.p1235
Jiang, S., & Rekimoto, J. (2020). Mediated-Timescale learning: Manipulating timescales in virtual reality to improve real-world tennis forehand volley. Proceedings of the 26th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1145/3385956.3422128
Li, F., Li, S., Zhang, X., & Shan, G. (2023). Biomechanical insights for developing evidence-based training programs: unveiling the kinematic secrets of the overhead forehand smash in badminton through novice-skilled player comparison. Applied Sciences, 13(22), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212488
Li, Y. (2025). Structural modelling of student volleyball athletes' intimacy, social adjustment, perceived stress, and learning-related anxiety: Mediating role of psychological safety. BMC Psychology, 13(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02299-z
Mahardika, A. R., Fahmi, D. A., Hadi, H., & Prayogo, G. (2024). The Effect of Bottom Passing Practice with Wall and Pairs on the Accuracy of Volleyball. Halaman Olahraga Nusantara : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 7(2), 459-464. https://doi.org/10.31851/hon.v7i2.16080
Maruo, Y. (2025). Lacrosse player’s sprint ability: The relationship between 30M cradle sprint and medicine ball throw. Journal of Coaching and Sports Science, 4(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.58524/jcss.v4i1.393
Merrigan, J. J., Stone, J. D., Hornsby, W. G., & Hagen, J. A. (2021). Identifying reliable and relatable force–time metrics in athletes—considerations for the isometric mid-thigh pull and countermovement jump. Sports, 9(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9010004
Mize, T. D., & Manago, B. (2022). The past, present, and future of experimental methods in the social sciences. Social Science Research, 108(1), 102799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102799
Nema, N. S., & Ismaeel, S. A. (2022). The effect of special exercises in learning some basic skills in volleyball and some bio mechanical variables according to magnetic resonance measurements of the upper limbs. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología Del Ejercicio y El Deporte, 17(3), 143–145.
Ozawa, Y., Uchiyama, S., Ogawara, K., Kanosue, K., & Yamada, H. (2021). Biomechanical analysis of volleyball overhead pass. Sports Biomechanics, 20(7), 844–857. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2019.1609072
Pan, J., Chen, H., Zheng, Z., Xu, Y., Sun, D., Liang, M., & Lv, Y. (2023). A Comparative analysis of bionic and neutral shoes: Impact on lower limb kinematics and kinetics during varied-speed running. Applied Sciences, 13(23), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312582
Pridal, V., Toporova, K., & Priklerova, S. (2021). Effect of serve quality on the rally outcome and course in women’s top volleyball. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(3), 1361–1366. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.03173
Rasmussen, J., & Zee, D. M. (2021). A simulation of the effects of badminton serve release height. Applied Sciences, 11(7), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11072903
Ryu, J., Alwasel, A., Haas, C. T., & Abdel-Rahman, E. (2020). Analysis of relationships between body load and training, work methods, and work rate: Overcoming the Novice Mason’s risk hump. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 146(8), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001889
Saleem, D. A. A., & Al-zuhairi, N. A. (2024). Cognitive regulation and its influence on the performance of volleyball serve skill. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1419413
Salim, F. A., Haider, F., Tasdemir, S. B. Y., Naghashi, V., Tengiz, I., Cengiz, K., Postma, D. B. W., Delden, R. van, Reidsma, D., Luz, S., & Beijnum, B.-J. van. (2020). Volleyball action modelling for behavior analysis and interactive multi-modal feedback. 1-9, eNTERFACE’19, 15th International Summer Workshop on Multimodal Interface.
Wahyuningsih, E., Hidayati, F. H., Muflih, G. Z., & Fersellia, F. (2024). Problem-based learning with baamboozle edugame: Enhancing critical thinking skills and learning interest. Journal of Advanced Sciences and Mathematics Education, 4(2), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.58524/jasme.v4i2.477
Wu, C.-K., Lin, Y.-C., Lai, C.-P., Wang, H.-P., & Hsieh, T.-H. (2022). Dynamic taping improves landing biomechanics in young volleyball athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013716
Zemková, E., & Zapletalová, L. (2022). The role of neuromuscular control of postural and core stability in functional movement and athlete performance. Frontiers in Physiology, 13(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.796097

