Design, validation, and effectiveness of a Jambi local wisdom-based interactive worksheet for enhancing preschool children's numeracy skills

Authors

  • Anniska Nuria Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
  • Setiyo Utoyo Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
  • Delfi Eliza Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
  • Nenny Mahyuddin Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58524/jasme.v6i3.1440

Keywords:

Interactive Worksheet, Local Wisdom, Numeracy Skills, Preschool Children, Research And Development

Abstract

Background: Developing numeracy skills during early childhood is essential for establishing a strong foundation for later mathematical learning. However, limited availability of interactive learning materials that integrate local cultural contexts has reduced opportunities for meaningful and engaging numeracy experiences.

Aim: This study aimed to design, validate, and evaluate the effectiveness of a Jambi local wisdom-based interactive worksheet for enhancing the numeracy skills of preschool children aged 5–6 years.

Method: A Research and Development approach employing the ADDIE model was adopted. The study involved 27 preschool children, including 12 participants in a small-group trial and 15 in a large-group implementation. The developed worksheet was evaluated through expert validation, practicality assessment, and effectiveness testing using a one-group pretest–posttest design. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and normalized gain (N-Gain).

Results: The worksheet achieved excellent validity, with expert validation scores of 91.6%, 100%, and 94.2% for media, content, and numeracy assessment, respectively. It was also rated highly practical (95%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement in children's numeracy skills (p = 0.001), with a high average N-Gain score of 0.8545 (85.4%).

Conclusion: The Jambi local wisdom-based interactive worksheet is valid, practical, and highly effective in improving preschool children's numeracy skills while promoting contextual and culturally meaningful mathematics learning.

References

Abdulrahim, N. A., & Orosco, M. J. (2020). Culturally responsive mathematics teaching: A research synthesis. The Urban Review, 52(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-019-00509-2

Abrahamson, D., Nathan, M. J., Williams-Pierce, C., Walkington, C., Ottmar, E. R., Soto, H., & Alibali, M. W. (2020). The future of embodied design for mathematics teaching and learning. Frontiers in Education, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00147

Adeyele, V. O. (2024). Relative effectiveness of simulation games, blended learning, and interactive multimedia in basic science achievement of varying ability pupils. Education and Information Technologies, 29(11), 14451–14470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12414-z

Ahmar, D. S., & Azzajjad, M. F. (2025). Empowering local wisdom for enhancing students’ social skills in the global era. Journal of Education, Social & Communication Studies, 2(2), 112–127. https://doi.org/10.71028/jescs.v2i2.120

Aloizou, V., Linardatou, S., Boloudakis, M., & Retalis, S. (2025). Integrating a movement-based learning platform as core curriculum tool in kindergarten classrooms. British Journal of Educational Technology, 56(1), 339–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13511

Altindis, N., & Fonger, N. L. (2025). A culturally inclusive mathematics learning environment framework: Supporting students’ representational fluency and covariational reasoning. Education Sciences, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15080980

Amland, T., Grande, G., Scherer, R., Lervåg, A., & Melby-Lervåg, M. (2025). Cognitive factors underlying mathematical skills: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 151(1), 88–129. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000457

Anyichie, A. C., Butler, D. L., Perry, N. E., & Nashon, S. M. (2023). Examining classroom contexts in support of culturally diverse learners’ engagement: An integration of self-regulated learning and culturally responsive pedagogical practices. Frontline Learning Research, 11(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v11i1.1115

Aprinastuti, C., & Kovács, Z. (2025). Translating mathematical representations through cultural contexts: Affective responses of Indonesian preservice teachers. Journal on Mathematics Education, 16(3), 765–782. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v16i3.pp765-782

Asare, B. (2026). Influence of ethnomathematics-based instruction on students’ attitudes, participation, and cultural connections in mathematics learning in Ghana. Cogent Education, 13(1), 2612395. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2612395

Aslan, S., Agrawal, A., Alyuz, N., Chierichetti, R., Durham, L. M., Manuvinakurike, R., Okur, E., Sahay, S., Sharma, S., Sherry, J., Raffa, G., & Nachman, L. (2022). Exploring Kid Space in the wild: A preliminary study of multimodal and immersive collaborative play-based learning experiences. Educational Technology Research and Development, 70(1), 205–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-10072-x

Balcha, A. R., Chen, H.-L., & Ramadhana A. B., R. (2025). The impact of augmented reality-assisted structured learning on environmental education for preschool children. Education and Information Technologies, 30(17), 25467–25503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13737-9

Batiibwe, M. S. K. (2025). Ethnomathematics as a pedagogical tool for mathematics education: Opportunities and challenges. SN Social Sciences, 5(12), 221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-025-01260-0

Blyznyuk, T., & Kachak, T. (2024). Benefits of interactive learning for students’ critical thinking skills improvement. Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 11(1), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.11.1.94-102

Braeuning, D., Ribner, A., Moeller, K., & Blair, C. (2020). The multifactorial nature of early numeracy and its stability. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.518981

Bråting, K., & Kilhamn, C. (2022). The integration of programming in Swedish school mathematics: Investigating elementary mathematics textbooks. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 66(4), 594–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2021.1897879

Breive, S. (2022). Abstraction and embodiment: Exploring the process of grasping a general. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 110(2), 313–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-021-10137-x

Chen, I.-H., Gamble, J. H., Lee, Z.-H., & Fu, Q.-L. (2020). Formative assessment with interactive whiteboards: A one-year longitudinal study of primary students’ mathematical performance. Computers & Education, 150, 103833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103833

Chen, W. (2025). Problem-solving skills, memory power, and early childhood mathematics: Understanding the significance of early childhood mathematics in an individual’s life. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 16(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01557-6

Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Herrero-Roldán, S., Rodriguez-Besteiro, S., Martínez-Guardado, I., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2024). Digital device usage and childhood cognitive development: Exploring effects on cognitive abilities. Children, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/children11111299

Clements, D. H., Lizcano, R., & Sarama, J. (2023). Research and pedagogies for early math. Education Sciences, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13080839

Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2020). Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(2), 97–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791

Davis-Kean, P. E., Domina, T., Kuhfeld, M., Ellis, A., & Gershoff, E. T. (2022). It matters how you start: Early numeracy mastery predicts high school math course-taking and college attendance. Infant and Child Development, 31(2), e2281. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2281

Evans, R., & Cleghorn, A. (n.d.). Do student teachers see what learners see? Avoiding instructional dissonance when designing worksheets. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 12(1), 1015. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v12i1.1015

Fathurrochman, I., Asnawan, Monita, D., & Hasan, M. F. (2026). Integration of local wisdom in elementary school local content curriculum: A study in rural areas of Indonesia. The Curriculum Journal, 37(3), 696–724. https://doi.org/10.1002/curj.70029

Genovesi, E., Gaches, A., McKenzie, J., Hanlon, C., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2025). Inclusive strategies for children with developmental disabilities in mainstream classrooms in African countries: A systematic review of stakeholder experiences, attitudes, and perspectives. Review of Educational Research, 95(6), 1183–1212. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543241288247

Hendriana, H., Ristiana, N., Kusaka, S., Peni, N. R. N., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2025). Integrating indigenous number systems and indefinite units into mathematics learning: A study on Javanese language and culture. Infinity Journal, 14(3), 797–816. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v14i3.p797-816

Herianto, Wilujeng, I., & Lestari, D. P. (2022). Effect of interactive multimedia e-books on lower-secondary school students’ curiosity in a science course. Education and Information Technologies, 27(7), 9619–9639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11005-8

Kabuye Batiibwe, M. S. (2024). The role of ethnomathematics in mathematics education: A literature review. Asian Journal for Mathematics Education, 3(4), 383–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/27527263241300400

Kaminski, J. A., & Sloutsky, V. M. (2020). The use and effectiveness of colorful, contextualized, student-made material for elementary mathematics instruction. International Journal of STEM Education, 7(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-019-0199-7

Kim, H. (2020). Concreteness fading strategy: A promising and sustainable instructional model in mathematics classrooms. Sustainability, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062211

Kolovou, M. (2023). Embracing culturally relevant education in mathematics and science: A literature review. The Urban Review, 55(1), 133–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-022-00643-4

Lau, W. S., & Shea, M. (2024). Empowering English learners in the classroom through culturally responsive social-emotional teaching practices. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(7), 2880–2897. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2078337

Lavidas, K., Apostolou, Z., & Papadakis, S. (2022). Challenges and opportunities of mathematics in digital times: Preschool teachers’ views. Education Sciences, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12070459

Lemos, G. C., Guisande, M. A., & Almeida, L. S. (2025). Cognitive abilities and school achievement: Addressing challenges across adolescence. Journal of Intelligence, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence13020021

Leton, S. I., Lakapu, M., Dosinaeng, W. B. N., & Fitriani, N. (2025). Integrating local wisdoms for improving students’ mathematical literacy: The promising context in learning whole numbers. Infinity Journal, 14(2), 369–392. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v14i2.p369-392

Litkowski, E. C., Duncan, R. J., Logan, J. A. R., & Purpura, D. J. (2020). When do preschoolers learn specific mathematics skills. Mapping the development of early numeracy knowledge. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 195, 104846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104846

Liu, L.-A., & Hwang, G.-J. (2024). Effects of metalinguistic corrective feedback on novice EFL students’ digital game-based grammar learning performances, perceptions and behavioural patterns. British Journal of Educational Technology, 55(2), 687–711. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13400

Liu, Y., Peng, P., & Yan, X. (2025). Early numeracy and mathematics development: A longitudinal meta-analysis on the predictive nature of early numeracy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 117(6), 863–883. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000925

Lunga, P., Esterhuizen, S., & Koen, M. (n.d.). Play-based pedagogy: An approach to advance young children’s holistic development. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 12(1), 1133. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v12i1.1133

Markey, K., O’Brien, B., Kouta, C., Okantey, C., & O’Donnell, C. (2021). Embracing classroom cultural diversity: Innovations for nurturing inclusive intercultural learning and culturally responsive teaching. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 16(3), 258–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2021.01.008

Marougkas, A., Troussas, C., Krouska, A., & Sgouropoulou, C. (2023). Virtual reality in education: A review of learning theories, approaches and methodologies for the last decade. Electronics, 12(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132832

Mualem, R., Morales-Quezada, L., Farraj, R. H., Shance, S., Bernshtein, D. H., Cohen, S., Mualem, L., Salem, N., Yehuda, R. R., Zbedat, Y., Waksman, I., & Biswas, S. (2024). Econeurobiology and brain development in children: Key factors affecting development, behavioral outcomes, and school interventions. Frontiers in Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1376075

Muton, N. A. R., Azmi, N. A. U. N., Rasalingam, R. R., Abdullah, N. A., Musa, N., & Hashim, S. H. M. (2026). BrainyMinis: Interactive learning web application based on emotional interaction design framework. PaperASIA, 42(1b), 647–661. https://doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v42i1b.1070

Nadeem, M., Oroszlanyova, M., & Farag, W. (2023). Effect of digital game-based learning on student engagement and motivation. Computers, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12090177

O’Leary, E. S., Shapiro, C., Toma, S., Sayson, H. W., Levis-Fitzgerald, M., Johnson, T., & Sork, V. L. (2020). Creating inclusive classrooms by engaging STEM faculty in culturally responsive teaching workshops. International Journal of STEM Education, 7(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-020-00230-7

Pattaufi, Makawi, F. E., Aswan, D., & Cahyadi, D. (2025). Developing augmented reality as a teaching material to enhance cultural awareness in secondary schools. JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 9(5), 1845–1854. https://doi.org/10.62527/joiv.9.5.4540

Payadnya, I. P. A. A., Wulandari, I. G. A. P. A., Puspadewi, K. R., & Saelee, S. (2024). The significance of ethnomathematics learning: Cross-cultural perspectives between Indonesian and Thai educators. Journal for Multicultural Education, 18(4), 508–522. https://doi.org/10.1108/JME-05-2024-0049

Prahmana, R. C. I., & D’Ambrosio, U. (2020). Learning geometry and values from patterns: Ethnomathematics on the batik patterns of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(3), 439–456. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.3.12949.439-456

Quigley, M. T. (2021). Concrete materials in primary classrooms: Teachers’ beliefs and practices about how and why they are used. Mathematics Teacher Education and Development, 23(2), 59–78.

Quinn, M. F., Caudle, L. A., & Harper, F. K. (2025). Embracing culturally relevant computational thinking in the preschool classroom: Leveraging familiar contexts for new learning. Early Childhood Education Journal, 53(2), 393–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-023-01581-w

Radović, S., Radojičić, M., Veljković, K., & Marić, M. (2020). Examining the effects of GeoGebra applets on mathematics learning using an interactive mathematics textbook. Interactive Learning Environments, 28(1), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1512001

Rakesh, D., Whittle, S., Sheridan, M. A., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2023). Childhood socioeconomic status and the pace of structural neurodevelopment: Accelerated, delayed, or simply different. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27(9), 833–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2023.03.011

Ruslan, A., Subandrio, D., Logiana, A. D., & Putri, N. O. R. (2026). Improving attention and engagement in special needs education through visual prototypes. Educational Research for Social Change, 15(1), 56–70. https://doi.org/10.17159/2221-4070/2026/v15n1a4

Sakti, S. A., Endraswara, S., & Rohman, A. (2024). Revitalizing local wisdom within character education through an ethnopedagogy approach: A case study on a preschool in Yogyakarta. Heliyon, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31370

Saracho, O. N. (2023). Theories of child development and their impact on early childhood education and care. Early Childhood Education Journal, 51(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01271-5

Seitz, M., & Weinert, S. (2022). Numeracy skills in young children as predictors of mathematical competence. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 40(2), 224–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12408

Silver, A. M., & Libertus, M. E. (2022). Environmental influences on mathematics performance in early childhood. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(7), 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00061-z

Sriarun, A., Srikao, S., & Jantharajit, N. (2025). An experiential learning management model (ELMM) for early childhood based on the Reggio Emilia approach and constructivist theory. Journal of Education and Learning, 14(4), 298–306. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v14n4p298

Subotnik, R. F., Olszewski-Kubilius, P., Corwith, S., Calvert, E., & Worrell, F. C. (2023). Transforming gifted education in schools: Practical applications of a comprehensive framework for developing academic talent. Education Sciences, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070707

Sunzuma, G., & Umbara, U. (2025). Ethnomathematics-based technology in Indonesia: A systematic review. Asian Journal for Mathematics Education, 4(1), 129–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/27527263241305812

Sutarni, S., Sutama, S., Prayitno, H. J., Sutopo, A., & Laksmiwati, P. A. (2024). The development of realistic mathematics education-based student worksheets to enhance higher-order thinking skills and mathematical ability. Infinity Journal, 13(2), 285–300. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v13i2.p285-300

ten Braak, D., Lenes, R., Purpura, D. J., Schmitt, S. A., & Størksen, I. (2022). Why do early mathematics skills predict later mathematics and reading achievement? The role of executive function. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 214, 105306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105306

Tooley, U. A., Bassett, D. S., & Mackey, A. P. (2021). Environmental influences on the pace of brain development. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 22(6), 372–384. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-021-00457-5

Torres-Peña, R. C., Peña-González, D., Chacuto-López, E., Ariza, E. A., & Vergara, D. (2024). Updating calculus teaching with AI: A classroom experience. Education Sciences, 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14091019

Torres-Peña, R. C., Peña-González, D., Lara-Orozco, J. L., Ariza, E. A., & Vergara, D. (2025). Enhancing numerical thinking through problem solving: A teaching experience for third-grade mathematics. Education Sciences, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15060667

Träff, U., Olsson, L., Skagerlund, K., & Östergren, R. (2020). Kindergarten domain-specific and domain-general cognitive precursors of hierarchical mathematical development: A longitudinal study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(1), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000369

Vale, I., & Barbosa, A. (2023). Active learning strategies for effective mathematics teaching and learning. European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 11(3), 573–588. https://doi.org/10.30935/scimath/13135

Verbruggen, S., Depaepe, F., & Torbeyns, J. (2021). Effectiveness of educational technology in early mathematics education: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 27, 100220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2020.100220

Wang, L. (2023). The impact of student-centered learning on academic motivation and achievement: Comparative research between traditional instruction and a student-centered approach. Journal of Education, 22. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v22i.12463

Wijayanti, Y., Warto, Wasino, & Djono. (2025). Enhancing students’ cultural identity through history education based on local wisdom of Kagaluhan values. Educational Process: International Journal, 14. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2025.14.75

Xing, W., Song, Y., Li, C., Liu, Z., Zhu, W., & Oh, H. (2025). Development of a generative AI-powered teachable agent for middle school mathematics learning: A design-based research study. British Journal of Educational Technology, 56(5), 2043–2077. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13586

Xu, Y., Yau, J. C., & Reich, S. M. (2021). Press, swipe and read: Do interactive features facilitate engagement and learning with e-books. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(1), 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12480

Yang, W., Ng, D. T. K., & Su, J. (2023). The impact of story-inspired programming on preschool children’s computational thinking: A multi-group experiment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 47, 101218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101218

Yusumut, B. Y., Gözüm, A. İ. C., & İlgün, Ş. (2026). Self-regulation and problem solving in early childhood: The mediating role of number sense. Current Psychology, 45(5), 466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-026-09070-0

Zeng, L. M. (2020). Peer review of teaching in higher education: A systematic review of its impact on the professional development of university teachers from the teaching expertise perspective. Educational Research Review, 31, 100333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100333

Zhang, Q. (2023). Secure preschool education using machine learning and metaverse technologies. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 37(1), 2222496. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2023.2222496

Zhao, J., Hwang, G.-J., Chang, S.-C., Yang, Q., & Nokkaew, A. (2021). Effects of gamified interactive e-books on students’ flipped learning performance, motivation, and metacognition tendency in a mathematics course. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(6), 3255–3280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-10053-0

Zuliana, E., Dwiningrum, S. I. A., Wijaya, A., & Hukom, J. (2025). The effect of culture-based mathematics learning instruction on mathematical skills: A meta-analytic study. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(1), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21172

Downloads

Published

2026-07-29